The provision of health care represents a highly energy-intensive activity in developed countries, as well as many developing countries. According to estimates, the average health care facility can use over three times the annual energy consumption of a typical commercial building.
In the United States, health care buildings account for 9 percent of total primary consumption for all commercial buildings. As more developing countries improve their health care facilities, the energy intensity of the sector is expected to rise.
An important distinction in terms of energy use is between outpatient facilities and inpatient care. Outpatient care is often at a medical office and has an energy consumption profile similar to a traditional office building. Inpatient care facilities, however, have higher energy consumption profiles.
Also, these facilities often require precise temperatures; humidity and air pressure controls; laundries and higher water temperatures to kill bacteria. Hospitals require continuous power for patient care and close monitoring of peak demand, underlining the importance of consistent access to energy.
The issue of continuous power is a key concern for rural and urban areas in developing countries. This, combined with a rise in energy use, underlines the importance of energy efficiency and renewable energy in the health care industry.